Advances in Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration

Advances in Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration

Heterogeneous Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration: A Review

Deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts is a ubiquitous problem that causes loss of catalytic rate with time. This review on deactivation and regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts classifies deactivation by type (chemical, thermal, and mechanical) and by mechanism (poisoning, fouling, thermal degradation, vapor formation, vapor-solid and solid-solid reactions, and attrition/crushing). The key...

Catalyst deactivation

The fundamentals of catalyst deactivation are presented in this review. The chemico-physical aspects concerning the various deactivation causes (i.e. poisoning, sintering, coking, solid-state transformation, masking, etc.) have been analyzed and discussed, along with the mathematical description of the deactivation phenomena. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights

Stability, Deactivation, and Regeneration of Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid as Catalyst for Industrial C4 Alkylation

Alkylation of isobutane and 2-butene was carried out in a continuous unit using triethylamine hydrochloride (Et3NHCl)-aluminum chloride (AlCl3) ionic liquid (IL) as catalyst. The effects of impurities such as water, methanol, and diethyl ether on the stability of the catalytic properties and deactivation of the ionic liquid were studied in the continuous alkylation. In the Et3NHCl-2AlCl3 ionic ...

ZnS nano-architectures: photocatalysis, deactivation and regeneration.

An "infinite recycling" method for enhancing the durable applications of a ZnS nano-photocatalyst is shown. Based on the finding of thermodynamic stable nanophase of ZnS, we designed a strategy in which the deactivated ZnS nano-photocatalyst could be recovered into its original state. This ZnS photocatalyst can be used repeatedly without being released into environment as nano-waste. The strate...